Ungaqala kanjani ipulazi lezinkukhu? Ingabe ukhathazeka ngakho uma uhlela ukuqala ibhizinisi lepulazi lokufuya? Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwenyama, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili, kufanele wazi izimiso zokusebenza kwebhizinisi lokufuya izinkukhu elinenzuzo. Uma kungenjalo, ubunzima obungalindelekile buzoholela ekuhlulekeni kwephrojekthi. Lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukuhlaziya izinzuzo nezingozi. Sikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise iphrojekthi ngokushesha nangokushelela.
1. Hlobo luni lwenkukhu okufanele ngiyifuye?
Inkukhu yenkukhu yenkukhu ekhula ngobuningi kanye neyenkukhu yenkukhu inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo. Ukuthi ingenza imali yini kuncike ohlotsheni lwenkukhu, izindlela zokuzalanisa kanye nezimo zemakethe. Sincoma ukuthi abalimi bahlole imakethe yendawo ngaphambi kokulima.
1.1 Yikuphi okungcono ukulima ama-broiler noma ama-layers?
Umjikelezo wokuzalanisa wezinkukhu ezibekela amaqanda uyizinsuku ezingu-700. Izinkukhu ezibekela amaqanda ziqala ukubekela amaqanda ezinsukwini ezingu-120, ngezinzuzo zesikhathi eside kanye nokumelana okunamandla nezifo.
Umjikelezo wokudla izinkukhu zenkukhu uthatha izinsuku ezingu-30-45, okungazuzisa ngokushesha. Ngenxa yokukhula okusheshayo, ukumelana nezifo kubuthakathaka.
Singabala okungenayo kanye nokuphumayo ngokusekelwe emananini endawo amaqanda nenkukhu.
1.2 Yiziphi izindlela zokulima izinkukhu?
Uhlelo lwe-cage yenkukhu yebhethri oluzenzakalelayo:
Indlu yezinkukhu isebenzisa uhlelo lwekheji lezinkukhu oluzenzakalelayo. Yonke inqubo ingenziwa ngokuzenzakalela kusukela ekuphekeni, ekuphuzeni, ekuhlanzeni umquba, ekuqoqeni amaqanda, ekuvuneni izinyoni, ekulawuleni imvelo, njll. Kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuzalanisa. Kunezigaba ezi-3-12 zokonga umhlaba omningi. Ubuningi bokudla obufanele ukuqinisekisa induduzo yezinkukhu nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo.
Uhlelo lokudla oluzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele luthuthukisa isilinganiso sokudla phakathi kweqanda neqanda kanye nesilinganiso sokudla phakathi kwenyama (2:1KG kanye no-1.4:1KG). Unganciphisa izindleko zokulahla ukudla kanye nokuzalanisa. Indlu yezinkukhu ayithinti umquba lapho izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama kuhambisanayo. Indawo yokudla ephephile nekhululekile izothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwendlu yezinkukhu.
Kodwa-ke, imishini yokuphakamisa ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele idinga amandla endawo ukuze iqine. Uma amandla engazinzile, ungasebenzisa imishini yokuphakamisa ezenzakalelayo bese wengeza amajeneretha ukuze ufinyelele ulwazi oluzenzakalelayo.
Uhlelo lwephansi lenkukhu oluzenzakalelayo:
Uma kuqhathaniswa nekheji lezinkukhu ze-broiler ezizenzakalelayo, uhlelo lwephansi ludinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kokuqala. Lungenza ukuphakelwa, ukuphuza kanye nokuhlanza umquba ngokuzenzakalela. Kodwa-ke, alunakho ukuvunwa kwezinyoni okuzenzakalelayo okusindisa abasebenzi abaningi. Uhlelo lwephansi ludinga indawo enkulu. Ukusebenza kahle kokuzalanisa kuphansi kunekheji lezinkukhu zebhethri. Isilinganiso sokudla-kwenyama singafinyelela ku-16:1KG. Ikheji lezinkukhu zebhethri lingu-1.4:1KG.
Uhla lwamahhala:
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kuphansi futhi indawo yokusebenza inkulu. Inyama yenkukhu namaqanda kusezingeni eliphezulu futhi kunentengo ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kokulima kuphansi. futhi kuyadingeka ukwazi isidingo semakethe yendawo senkukhu namaqanda asezingeni eliphezulu kusenesikhathi.
2. Ungawathengisa kanjani amaqanda, izinkukhu kanye neminye imikhiqizo ngokushesha?
Umthengi ophakathi nendawo
Lesi yisiteshi esikhulu kunazo zonke sokuthengisa. Intengo yokuthengisa nayo ishibhile kakhulu, ngoba abathengi abaphakathi kusadingeka bathole umehluko. Nakuba incane ekuqaleni, inzuzo izokhula kakhulu uma ukuthengisa kukhulu.
umnikazi wesitolo sezinkukhu emakethe yabalimi
Lesi isiteshi esithengiswa kakhulu. Uzosayina inkontileka nesitolo, bese uletha nsuku zonke ngokuhambisana nohlobo kanye nenani le-oda. Ukuthengisa kuqinisekisiwe.
Umnyango wokudla okusha kanye nezindawo zokudlela zezitolo ezinkulu
Bangavunyelwa ukuvakashela ipulazi lezinkukhu, okungakhuthaza ukubambisana kangcono. Uma ukubambisana sekusunguliwe, imakethe izozinza kakhulu.
Ukuthengisa ku-inthanethi
Imithombo yezokuxhumana inamandla kakhulu. Ingaphula imingcele yesikhathi nendawo. Singashicilela ulwazi olufanele nge-inthanethi, ukuze sidonsele amakhasimende ukuthi athenge.
Abalimi kufanele basebenzise izinkundla zokuxhumana, njenge-Facebook, i-Twitter, i-Instagram, i-Pinterest, njll. Lezi zingosi ziyizinkundla ezinhle zokukhangisa imikhiqizo.
Isitolo sakho
Amapulazi amaningi ezinkukhu anezitolo zawo futhi asungula izinhlobo zawo. Ngemva kokuba udumo lomkhiqizo seluvele lukhona, kuzoba namakhasimende amaningi.
Singabala okungenayo kanye nokuphumayo ngokusekelwe emananini endawo amaqanda nenkukhu.
1.2 Yiziphi izindlela zokulima izinkukhu?
Uhlelo lwe-cage yenkukhu yebhethri oluzenzakalelayo:
Indlu yezinkukhu isebenzisa uhlelo lwekheji lezinkukhu oluzenzakalelayo. Yonke inqubo ingenziwa ngokuzenzakalela kusukela ekuphekeni, ekuphuzeni, ekuhlanzeni umquba, ekuqoqeni amaqanda, ekuvuneni izinyoni, ekulawuleni imvelo, njll. Kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuzalanisa. Kunezigaba ezi-3-12 zokonga umhlaba omningi. Ubuningi bokudla obufanele ukuqinisekisa induduzo yezinkukhu nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo.
Uhlelo lokudla oluzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele luthuthukisa isilinganiso sokudla phakathi kweqanda neqanda kanye nesilinganiso sokudla phakathi kwenyama (2:1KG kanye no-1.4:1KG). Unganciphisa izindleko zokulahla ukudla kanye nokuzalanisa. Indlu yezinkukhu ayithinti umquba lapho izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama kuhambisanayo. Indawo yokudla ephephile nekhululekile izothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwendlu yezinkukhu.
Kodwa-ke, imishini yokuphakamisa ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele idinga amandla endawo ukuze iqine. Uma amandla engazinzile, ungasebenzisa imishini yokuphakamisa ezenzakalelayo bese wengeza amajeneretha ukuze ufinyelele ulwazi oluzenzakalelayo.
Uhlelo lwephansi lenkukhu oluzenzakalelayo:
Uma kuqhathaniswa nekheji lezinkukhu ze-broiler ezizenzakalelayo, uhlelo lwephansi ludinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kokuqala. Lungenza ukuphakelwa, ukuphuza kanye nokuhlanza umquba ngokuzenzakalela. Kodwa-ke, alunakho ukuvunwa kwezinyoni okuzenzakalelayo okusindisa abasebenzi abaningi. Uhlelo lwephansi ludinga indawo enkulu. Ukusebenza kahle kokuzalanisa kuphansi kunekheji lezinkukhu zebhethri. Isilinganiso sokudla-kwenyama singafinyelela ku-16:1KG. Ikheji lezinkukhu zebhethri lingu-1.4:1KG.
Uhla lwamahhala:
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kuphansi futhi indawo yokusebenza inkulu. Inyama yenkukhu namaqanda kusezingeni eliphezulu futhi kunentengo ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kokulima kuphansi. futhi kuyadingeka ukwazi isidingo semakethe yendawo senkukhu namaqanda asezingeni eliphezulu kusenesikhathi.
3. Nquma inani lokutshalwa kwezimali
Uma unemali eyanele, ungalungiselela ngokushesha. Uma kungenjalo, ungacela usizo emnyangweni wezolimo noma enhlanganweni kahulumeni wendawo.
Ungalalela isimemezelo somnyango wezolimo, bese uqala ukufaka isicelo. Imali mboleko yamapulazi ezinkukhu ingasiza abalimi ukuba baqhube amabhizinisi abo ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola izibonelelo zikahulumeni zepulazi lakho lezinkukhu ukuhamba njengeqembu. Ungajoyina iqembu labafuyi bezinkukhu noma wakhe iqembu endaweni yakini; ngaleyo ndlela, kungaba lula ukuthola ukunakwa nguhulumeni. Kodwa-ke, usengathola izibonelelo zikahulumeni zebhizinisi lakho lokufuya izinkukhu njengomuntu ngamunye uma uthatha izinyathelo ezifanele. Ezinye zezinyathelo ezinconywayo okufanele uzithathe zifaka:
Izinyathelo ezingu-9 zokuthola isibonelelo sikahulumeni sepulazi lakho lezinkukhu
☆ Hlola uhlelo loxhaso lukahulumeni
Uhulumeni ngezinye izikhathi wethula izinhlelo ezahlukene. Ungacinga izimemezelo ezivela kuMnyango Wezolimo wendawo. Ungaphinda useshe izinhlelo zokuxhaswa ngezimali ezivela kwezinye izinhlaka zikahulumeni ku-inthanethi.
☆ Ezinye izikhungo zocwaningo kanye nezinhlangano ezingezona ezikahulumeni
Enye indlela yokuthola uxhaso lukahulumeni iwukusebenzisa izikhungo zocwaningo noma ezinye izikhungo ezibambisana nohulumeni. Lezi zinkampani zivame ukusiza abalimi. Ungase ufanelekele ukuthola uxhaso ngaphansi kwenye yalezi zinhlelo.
☆ Nquma izidingo zepulazi lakho
Kumelwe kuboniswe uhulumeni ukuthi uyayidinga ngempela imali. Uma uyinikwa, izosetshenziswa kahle.
☆ Bhala isiphakamiso
Lesi yisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu okufanele usithathe. Uma ungenza isiphakamiso esihle, amathuba akho okuthola uxhaso azokhula cishe ngo-50%.
☆ Beka imigomo enengqondo
Ungazibeki imigomo engenakwenzeka. Uma iphrojekthi yakho ibonakala ingenakwenzeka, isiphakamiso sakho singase singamukelwa.
☆ Bala isabelomali
Kumelwe ubhale zonke izindleko ngendlela efanele. Unganaki noma yiziphi izindleko. Isibonelo, izindleko zokuhamba zezinto ezithengiwe kumele zifakwe. Lokhu kuzokholisa noma ubani obuyekeza isicelo sakho. Uyazi kahle ukuthi ufunani futhi ungaphatha kahle noma yiziphi izimali ezinikezwe wena.
☆ Yenza ucwaningo lwemakethe
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kufanele uqonde amanani amanje amathuluzi nemishini. Ungacabangi nje ngentengo yezinto, ngoba kungabangela ukuthi isicelo sakho senqatshwe. Kufanele wazi amanani amanje emakethe ezinto ezidingekayo ebhizinisini lakho.
☆ Thumela isicelo
Uma uqiniseka ukuthi ubhale isiphakamiso esihle, ungathola uchwepheshe ozosibuyekeza futhi akwenzele iziphakamiso. Ungagcini nje ngokufaka isicelo sakho sokuxhaswa ngemali bese uya ekhaya uyolala. Kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi usukulungele ngokugcwele lokhu. Funda isiphakamiso ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uyazi imininingwane eyanele. Lokhu kungaqinisekisa uhulumeni ukuthi unekhono lokusebenzisa izimali ngempumelelo.
☆ Sebenzisa imali yakho kahle
Uma unenhlanhla yokuthola uxhaso, ungayisebenzisi imali ukuthenga imoto noma ukuya eholidini. Qiniseka ukuthi uyisebenzisa kahle ukuze amathuba akho okuthola uxhaso esikhathini esizayo ande.
4. Uzoyikhetha kanjani indawo efanele yephrojekthi yezinkukhu?
4.1 Indawo kufanele ibe sendaweni ende, eyomile, futhi ekhipha amanzi kahle.
Uma usendaweni engenalutho, kufanele ukhethe indawo ephakeme enethambeka elincane eningizimu noma eningizimu-mpumalanga. Uma usendaweni enezintaba namagquma, kufanele ukhethe ithambeka eliseningizimu, elinokwethambeka okungaphansi kwama-degrees angu-20. Indawo enjalo ilungele ukukhishwa kwamanzi nokukhanya kwelanga. Kufudumele ebusika futhi kupholile ehlobo. Okokugcina, kungcono ukuba nedamu lezinhlanzi endaweni lapho kusetshenziswa khona indle, ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza kanye nokuphathwa okuphelele.
4.2 Indawo kufanele ibe ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka edolobhaneni
Uma ukhulisa izinkukhu, indawo kufanele ibe kude nemizi nasemadolobheni. Lokhu kungagwema ukutheleleka okuthelelanayo futhi kunciphise ukusabalala kwezifo.
4.3 Indawo kufanele ibe lula ukuthuthwa
Nakuba indawo kufanele ibe kude nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi, ezokuthutha kufanele zibe lula. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuthuthwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuzoba nzima. Udinga ukuqaphela ukuthi ungakhi ipulazi eduze komgwaqo. Akukuhle ekuvimbeleni izifo. Indawo inemigwaqo yezokuthutha, kodwa ikude nemigwaqo emikhulu yezimoto.
4.4 Ukukhethwa kwendawo kumele kuqinisekise umthombo wamanzi kanye nekhwalithi yawo
Ukukhetha indawo kufanele kuqinisekise ukuthi umthombo wamanzi oseduze wanele nokuthi ikhwalithi yamanzi ilungile. Kungcono ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zamanzi okuphuza. Uma ikhwalithi yamanzi ingalungile, udinga ukufaka imishini yokuhlanza amanzi ukuze uphathe ikhwalithi yamanzi. Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kukhulu kakhulu. Ukuthola amanzi asezingeni elihle ekuqaleni kuzokonga isikhathi nomzamo.
4.5 Ukuhlelwa kwendlu yezinkukhu kufanele kube okunengqondo futhi kungene umoya kahle
Ukuhlela okuhle akugcini nje ngokugwema izingozi nokwenza inqubo yokuzalanisa iphephe, kodwa futhi konga abasebenzi kanye nezinsizakusebenza, kunciphise izifo futhi kwandise imali engenayo. Ukuhlela okuhle kuhlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwendawo, ukwakhiwa kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindlu zezinkukhu.
Abanye abalimi balingisa izindlu zezinkukhu zabalimi abadala ukuze bakhe indlu entsha. Abaqondi indlela yokwakheka kanye namasu okwakha indlu yezinkukhu. Indlu yezinkukhu ayihambisani nomkhuba wokukhula kwenkukhu, okuletha ukuphazamiseka okukhulu enkambisweni yokuzalanisa futhi kwandisa ubunzima bokuphathwa.
Umklamo wokungenisa umoya ongenangqondo uyinkinga evame kakhulu, okwenza izinga lokushisa lendlu yezinkukhu lingazinzile. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu noma eliphansi kakhulu lizobangela impendulo yokucindezeleka noma lilahlekelwe yinkukhu ngqo.
Indawo kanye nomklamo wendlu yezinkukhu kuqukethe ulwazi oluningi lochwepheshe. Kunconywa ukuthola unjiniyela ochwepheshe noma umhlinzeki wemishini ozoyiklama. Umhlinzeki othembekile kumele abe nethimba lochwepheshe lokuklama. Singahlola futhi ubungcweti bomhlinzeki ngokuxhumana kusenesikhathi futhi sivimbele usayizi ongafanele wemishini kanye nezindlu zezinkukhu.
5. Ukukhiqizwa nokufakwa
Uma usukulungele, ngiyakuhalalisela, uzoqala ibhizinisi lakho lokufuya. Kodwa kufanele uqaphele inqubekela phambili yephrojekthi. Abalimi abaningi bayabambezeleka ngenxa yokulethwa nokufakwa kwephrojekthi, okuthinta imali engenayo yephrojekthi. Kungaba kubi kakhulu uma uyimali mboleko.
Ngokuvamile, imishini ezenzakalelayo ikhiqizwa izinsuku ezingu-15-30, ukuthuthwa kwezinsuku ezingu-15-90 kanye nokufakwa kwezinsuku ezingu-30-60. Uma iphrojekthi ihamba kahle, amaphuphu azongena endlini ngokushesha nje kwezinsuku ezingu-60. Ungahlela isikhathi sokuqala kwephrojekthi ngokuya ngobukhulu bephrojekthi. Kunconywa ukuthi wengeze izinsuku ezingu-30 ukuze ugweme ezinye izinto ezibangela ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi.
Yiqiniso, isisekelo siwukuthi kufanele uthole umhlinzeki othembekile. Ungamhlola umhlinzeki kule mibuzo eyisithupha.
① Indawo yokusebenzela inkulu kune-10,000 square metres, futhi lo mkhiqizo uyaziwa kakhulu. Imikhiqizo eyaziwayo ithembeke kakhulu.
② Baneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 yesipiliyoni sokukhiqiza. Ukuvuselela nokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo njalo kuyadingeka. Qinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nomklamo.
Kudingeka ulwazi oluningi lokuzalanisa kanye nolwazi lwephrojekthi emazweni amaningi. Kungasinika iseluleko sochwepheshe esifanele isimo sezulu sendawo.
④ Bayakwazi ukufaka nokuqalisa ukusebenza endaweni. Qinisekisa ukuthi imishini yethu ingasetshenziswa ngendlela evamile.
⑤ Banganikeza ukuqeqeshwa kokusetshenziswa kwemishini. Masikwazi ukusebenzisa imishini ngobuchule futhi siqinisekise ukuthi sithola imali yokuzalanisa.
⑥ Ungabuza neziqondiso zokuphathwa kwepulazi lezinkukhu. Uma ungenalo ulwazi olwanele lokuzalanisa imishini ezenzakalelayo, kumelwe sibe nomhlahlandlela wokuphatha onemininingwane. Masenze imali eningi ngolwazi lokukhulisa ngempumelelo.
Ukuphathwa kwepulazi lezinkukhu kuvame ukubhekisela emikhubeni yokukhulisa noma amasu okukhiqiza asiza ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Imikhuba yokuphatha enengqondo ibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ngcono ukukhiqizwa. Ukuphathwa kwepulazi lezinkukhu ngokwesayensi kuhlose ukukhulisa imbuyiselo ngotshalomali oluncane.
Ezinye izindawo ezibalulekile okugxilwe kuzo yilezi ezilandelayo:
① Indlu yenkukhu kanye nemishini
② Uhlelo lokulawula imvelo
③ Ifomula yokudla kwenkukhu
④ Ukuzalela kwenkukhu encane
⑤ Ukuzalela izinyoni ezindala
⑥ Ukondla nokuphatha inkukhu ebeka amaqanda
⑦ Ukuphathwa kokudla kwenkukhu
⑧ Ukuvimbela inhlanzeko kanye nobhubhane
⑨ Bheka indlu yezinkukhu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi
Khetha uhlobo ofuna ukulukhulisa, thola indawo efanelekile yepulazi lakho, bese uqala ibhizinisi lakho ngokushesha! Yiba nebhizinisi elihle.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 10-2021
